Nalane ya Roulette
Nalane ya roulette e feta tekong ya fisiks e ileng ya hloleha, kamoreng ya dipapadi ya Paris, banabeso ba babedi toropong ya diphodiso ya Jeremane, le khasino e entseng hore mokotlana o le mong o motala e be tekanyetso ya Yuropa.
Pele ho lebidi
- 1654
Pascal le Fermat: bothata ba dintlha; boleng bo lebelletsweng.
Boleng bo Lebelletsweng ho Roulette - 1655Lebidi le se nang sepheo
Blaise Pascal, a batla motjhini o tsamayang ka ho sa feleng, o aha lebidi le potolohang le lekantsweng hantle. Motjhini o a hloleha; lebidi le sala e le sesebediswa se batlang se se na kgohlano, se bonahalang se sa rerwa.
Blaise Pascal: Tshomo ya Lebidi la Roulette - 1657
Huygens o phatlalatsa sengolwa sa pele ka tebello.
- 1713
Jakob Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi: molao wa dipalo tse kgolo.
Ho Atamela ka Nako e Telele: Molao wa Dipalo tse Kgolo ho Roulette - bo-1740Roly-poly le E.O.
Matlo a dipapadi a Engelane a potolohisa mabidi a nang le disekgeo tse lekaneng le tse sa lekaneng. Dipapadi di thibelwa kgafetsa, e leng se sutumetsang mefuta e meng ho ya Kontinenteng.
Ke Mang ya Qapileng Roulette? Tshimoloho ya Roulette - 1754
d’Alembert o phatlalatsa phoso eo hamorao e reheletsweng ka yena e le sistimi.
Leano la Roulette la D'Alembert - 1758
New France (Quebec) e thibela daese, hoca, faro le “roulette”: e nngwe ya direkoto tsa pele tsa lebitso lena bakeng sa papadi ya tjhelete.
- bo-1760
“Martingale” e kena ditlhalosong tsa mantswe tsa Sefora e le puo ya seterata ya papadi ya tjhelete.
Leano la Roulette la Martingale
Papadi
- 1796Paris, Palais-Royal
Pale ya Jaques Lablée ya La Roulette e hlalosa lebidi le nang le mekotlana e mmedi ya khasino, 0 le 00, ntlong ya dipapadi Palais-Royal. Ke yona tlhaloso e felletseng ya pele ya papadi ya sejwalejwale.
Roulette Dingolweng - bo-1800
Mabidi a Amerika a eketsa mokotlana wa ntsu: dinomoro tse tharo tsa khasino.
Lebidi le Melao ya Roulette ya Amerika - 1837
Fora e thibela dikhasino; papadi e fallela di-spa tsa Jeremane.
- 1841
Barab’abo Blanc ba nka tumello ya Bad Homburg.
François Blanc - 1843Bad Homburg
François le Louis Blanc ba bula khasino toropong ya diphodiso ya Jeremane mme ba tlosa zero tse pedi. Lebidi la zero e le nngwe le fokotsa molemo wa khasino ka halofo mme le hohela dibapadi ho tloha dibakeng tsa boithabiso tse hlodisanang.
Bad Homburg le Dikhasino tsa Spa - 1863Monte Carlo
Ha papadi ya tjhelete e thibetswe Jeremane yohle, Blanc o nka khasino e sokolang ya Monaco. Monte Carlo e ba mohlala wa roulette ya Yuropa; zero e le nngwe ke tekanyetso ya yona.
Roulette ya Monte Carlo - 1866
Dostoevsky, The Gambler.
Roulettenburg ya Dostoevsky - 1868
Seporo ho tloha Nice ho ya Monte Carlo.
Casino de Monte-Carlo - 1869
Monaco e fedisa lekgetho la moputso.
- 1872
Prussia e kwala dikhasino tsa Jeremane.
Dibapadi le diteko
- bo-1870
Labouchère o tumisa sistimi ya ho hlakola London.
Leano la Roulette la Labouchère - hoo e ka bang 1880Lebidi la Jagger
Joseph Jagger, rakgwebo wa masela wa Yorkshire, o etsa hore mabidi a Monte Carlo a ngolwe mme o beta dinomoro tse tswang kgafetsa haholo. O hlola leruo; khasino e sutumetsa mabidi a yona, ebe e a nkela sebaka.
Joseph Jagger: Leano la Roulette Monte Carlo - 1891Monna ya ileng a roba banka
Charles Wells o fedisa ditjhipi tafoleng makgetlo a mmalwa ka matsatsi a seng makae, e leng se hlahisang pina ya music-hall. Dipatlisiso ha di fumane sistimi, ke lehlohonolo feela mme, hamorao, bomenemene sebakeng se seng.
Monna ya Ileng a Roba Banka - 1900
Pearson o phatlalatsa teko ya chi-square ka dintlha tsa dipotoloho tsa Monte Carlo.
Teko ya Chi-Square - 1907
Fora e dumella dikhasino hape metseng ya di-spa le ya mabopong a lewatle.
- 1913
Ntsho tse 26 ka tatellano Monte Carlo.
Phoso ya Sebapadi - 1931
Nevada e dumella dipapadi tsa tjhelete tsa khasino ka molao.
Mabidi a Roulette a Las Vegas - bo-1940
Ulam le von Neumann ba reha mokgwa wa Monte Carlo.
- 1953
Fleming, Casino Royale: Bond o beta di-dozen tse pedi ho roulette.
Leano la Roulette la James Bond - 1961
Thorp le Shannon ba haha khomphutha ya pele ya roulette e apuwang.
Dikhomphuta tsa Roulette - 1965
Dubins le Savage ba paka hore papadi e sebete ke yona e molemo ka ho fetisisa dipapading tse sa lekaneng.
- 1969
Patlisiso ya Thorp e hlalosa hore na hobaneng ho se sistimi ya ho beta e hlolang papadi e nang le tebello e tlase ho zero.
Tumelo ya Bohata: Leano la Roulette le Hlolang Kamehla - 1977–81
Dikhomphutha tse patilweng tsa Eudaemons Nevada: ka tlasa letsoho ka 1978, ka hara seeta ka 1981.
The Eudaemons - 1985
Nevada e etsa disebediswa tsa ho bolela esale pele tlolo ya molao. Bass o phatlalatsa The Eudaemonic Pie.
Ho Qhekella Roulette
Papadi ya sejwalejwale
- lekgolo la bo20Ho tloha ditoropong tsa diphodiso ho ya diskrineng
Roulette e ya Las Vegas ka zero tse pedi tse kgutlisitsweng, ebe e ya ditafoleng tsa inthanete tsa RNG ka bo-1990 le mabidi a studio a phatlalatswang ka nako yona eo ka bo-2000.
Roulette ya Yuropa le ya Amerika - bo-1990
Lelapa la García-Pelayo le sebedisa mabidi a sekameng haufi le Madrid; ba a thibelwa; makgotla a fedisa thibelo (2004).
Gonzalo García-Pelayo: Sistimi ya Roulette - 1996
Dikhasino tsa pele tsa inthanete tse nang le roulette ya RNG.
Roulette e Phelang le Roulette ya RNG - 2003–06
Roulette e nang le croupier ya phelang e phatlalatswa ho tswa distudio; Riga le Malta di fetoha mabaka a maholo.
Roulette e Phelang e Sebetsa Jwang - 2004
Sehlopha sa Ritz se hlola £1.3m ka ho bolela bolo esale pele; laser e tlalehilweng ha e mohla e fumanwa; ha ho qoso.
Papadi ya Molemo ho Roulette - 2005
UK Gambling Act: dilaesense tse feletseng tsa dipapadi tsa tjhelete tse hole.
Roulette UK - 2012
Small le Tse ba phatlalatsa fisiks ya ho bolela roulette esale pele.
Fisiks ya Lebidi la Roulette - 2013
New Jersey e qala dikhasino tsa inthanete tse laolwang.
Roulette Amerika (USA) - 2016
Roulette ya zero tse tharo ho Las Vegas Strip.
Roulette ya Di-Zero tse Tharo - 2018
Thibelo ya mmuso wa US ya ho beta dipapadi tsa ho bapala e a fediswa; dinaha di etsa melao.
- 2021
Jeremane le Netherlands di fana ka dilaesense tsa dipapadi tsa khasino tsa inthanete.
Roulette Yuropa - 2026
Sebaka sena: letsatsi le leng le le leng le ka hodimo, le dipalo.
Mola o le mong o bohlokwa
Ka makgolo a mabedi le halofo a dilemo odds tsa roulette di fetohile hanngwe molemong wa sebapadi (1843, zero e le nngwe e tlositswe) le habedi kgahlanong le sona (ntsu ka bo-1800, zero tse tharo ka 2016). Tsohle tse ding, disistimi, dikhomphutha, distudio, mabone, di siile dipalo moo Lablée a di fumaneng teng: 36/n − 1 kgahlanong le lebidi le nang le mokotlana o le mong ho feta moo.
Dipotso
La Pascal. Diteko tsa lebidi ke tsa nnete; kamano le roulette ke ya setso.
Nakong ya lekgolo la bo-19 la dilemo; tatelano ya Yuropa e sebediswang kajeno e ne e tlwaelehile nakong ya Monte Carlo.
Mohlomong ke la taolo. Lebidi le phethehile.
Ho phomola ka metlae
Makgolo a mabedi le halofo a dilemo, ntlafatso e le nngwe, ho kgutlela morao habedi, dipale tse ngata.
Mehlodi
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.