Tse Ding · Lenane la ho bala · metsotso e 8

Dibuka tsa Roulette: Lenane la ho Bala

Dibuka le dipampiri tsa roulette tseo sebaka sena se itshetlehileng ka tsona, tse mashome a mabedi a metso e mmedi, ho tloha bukeng ya 1657 ka tebello ho isa bukeng ya thuto ya 2025, le polelo e le nngwe ka hore na hobaneng ka nngwe e le bohlokwa.

Karabo e kgutshwane

Dipalo (Huygens, Bernoulli, Halmos, Feller, Thorp, Epstein, Ethier, le dibuka tsa thuto tsa morao tjena tsa Bollman, Taylor le Hunacek), nalane (Lablée, Barnhart, Schwartz, Kavanagh, Marcus, Goldman), fisiks (Bass, Small & Tse) le pale e le nngwe e betere ho feta tsohle (Dostoevsky). Tsohle sebakeng sena di itshetlehile ka shelefo ena.

ya kgale ka ho fetisisa
Huygens, 1657
e ntjha ka ho fetisisa
Hunacek, 2025
buka e le nngwe e molemohadi
Ethier, 2010
pale e molemohadi
The Gambler, 1866

Dipalo

mosebetsiselemohobaneng o e bala
Huygens, De Ratiociniis in Ludo Aleae1657tlhaloso ya pele e hatisitsweng ya tebello; moo EV e tswang teng
Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi1713molao wa dipalo tse kgolo, oo disistimi di sa o utlwisiseng
Halmos, “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations”1939bopaki ba pele bo akaretsang ba hore ha ho sistimi ya ho beta e fetolang sephetho se lebelletsweng
Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory, vol. 11968gambler’s ruin, random walk, tatelano; buka ya tshupiso e tlwaelehileng
Thorp, “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games”1969neng disistimi tsa ho beta di ka thusang (feela papading e ratehang) le maemo a ka morao ho sephetho sa hore ha ho sistimi
Thorp, The Mathematics of Gambling1984khomputara ya roulette e phetwang ke moqapi wa yona, le dipalo tsa hore na o bete bokae ha o na le molemo
Epstein, The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic2013 (khatiso ya 2)papadi e nngwe le e nngwe ya khasino e hlahlobilwe; roulette maemong a yona
Ethier, The Doctrine of Chances2010tlhaloso ya dipalo e feletseng ka ho fetisisa ya roulette e hatisitsweng
Bollman, Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games2021dibete tsa lehlakore, mabidi a sa tlwaelehang le roulette ya dikarete di baletswe theko ka nngwe ka nngwe, le boikwetliso
Taylor, Games, Gambling, and Probability2021 (khatiso ya 2)tatelano, ho beta ka Kelly le gambler’s ruin di sebeditswe jwalo ka thupelo
Bollman, Basic Gambling Mathematics2024 (khatiso ya 2)dipapatso tsa dikhasino le di-rebate, le hore na boto ya diphetho e ipusetsa kapele hakae bakeng sa khasino
Hunacek, Quantitative Literacy Through Games and Gambling2025thupelo ya pele e bonolo; hlahloba polelo ya yona ya hore bete e nngwe le e nngwe e na le boleng bo lebelletsweng bo tshwanang, eo bete ya dinomoro tse hlano e e robang

Nalane

mosebetsiselemohobaneng o e bala
Lablée, La Roulette, ou le Jour1801tlhaloso ya pele e feletseng ya papadi, paleng
Barnhart, Beating the Wheel1983nalane ya papadi ya leeme: Jagger, ba tlileng pele ho ba ha Pelayo, mekgwa
Schwartz, Roll the Bones2006nalane e akaretsang ya papadi ya tjhelete; sebaka sa roulette ho yona
Kavanagh, Dice, Cards, Wheels2005setso sa papadi ya tjhelete sa Fora; Palais-Royal le ditoropo tsa di-spa
Marcus, American Roulette2003past-posting e hlaloswa ho tswa ka hare ke mosebetsi wa yona ya tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa
Goldman, Great Gambling Scams2007Leigh Nice, Marcus le Ritz di phetwa hape; e monate, mme e fosahetse dintlheng tse mmalwa (bona Ho Qhekella Roulette)

Fisiks le papadi ya molemo

mosebetsiselemohobaneng o e bala
Bass, The Eudaemonic Pie1985pale ya khomputara ka hare ho seeta; buka e tummeng e molemohadi ka fisiks ya roulette
Small & Tse, “Predicting the outcome of roulette”2012fisiks ya ho bolela esale pele, e lekantswe; seo molemo o se hlokang
Pearson, “On the criterion…”1900teko ya chi-square, e bontshitsweng ho dipotoloho tsa roulette

Fisiks ya Lebidi la Roulette

Pale

Dostoevsky, The Gambler (1866). E ngotswe ka matsatsi a 26 ho fihlela nako ya qetello ya konteraka ya mohatisi, ke mongodi ya neng a kolota haholo ka lebaka la roulette; phoso ya sebapadi, sistimi, takatso e sa laolehang le khasino ya toropo ya spa ho tswa ka hare. E kgutshwane ho feta buka efe kapa efe ya roulette e ka hodimo mme e nnete ho feta tse ngata.

Bad Homburg le Dikhasino tsa SpaRoulettenburg ya Dostoevsky

Dibuka tsa roulette tse molemohadi bakeng sa sepheo ka seng

Bakeng sa dipalo, Ethier ebe Feller. Bakeng sa dipale, Barnhart le Bass. Bakeng sa hore na hobaneng batho ba ntse ba bapala, Dostoevsky. Bakeng sa bopaki bo fedisang kganetso e nngwe le e nngwe ya disistimi, Halmos, mme bakeng sa sephetho sona seo ka mantswe a bonolo, buka ya Thorp ya 1984. Bakeng sa boikwetliso, Taylor kapa Bollman. Lebokose la Mehlodi sehloohong ka seng sebakeng sena le qotsa ho tswa shelefong ena.

Dipotso

Na ho na le dibuka tse ntle tsa maano a roulette?

Ha ho e rekisang sistimi. Buka ya Thorp ya 1984 e na le kgaolo e kgutshwane ka hore na hobaneng di hloleha; Epstein le Ethier ba hlalosa sebopeho sa e nngwe le e nngwe.

Nka bala Pearson kapa Huygens hokae?

Ka bobedi ha di sa le tlasa copyright mme di inthaneteng. Pearson o boima; Huygens o kgutshwane mme o makatsa ka ho baleha habonolo phetolelong.

Ho phomola ka metlae

Tsohle sebakeng sena ke ntlha e ka tlase leqepheng ya shelefo ena.

Tsohle sebakeng sena ke ntlha e ka tlase leqepheng ya shelefo ena.

Mehlodi

  1. Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling. Springer, 2010. Kgaolo ya 13, roulette.
  2. Feller, W. An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, Vol. 1. Wiley, khatiso ya 3, 1968. Gambler’s ruin, kgaolo ya XIV.
  3. Halmos, P. R. “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations: the mathematical theory of gambling systems.” Duke Mathematical Journal 5(2), 1939.
  4. Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.” Review of the International Statistical Institute 37(3), 1969.
  5. Thorp, E. O. The Mathematics of Gambling. Gambling Times / Lyle Stuart, 1984.
  6. Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie. Houghton Mifflin, 1985.
  7. Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel. Lyle Stuart, 1983.
  8. Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette. CRC Press, 2021. Kgaolo ya 2, roulette.
  9. Bollman, M. Basic Gambling Mathematics: The Numbers Behind the Neon, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2024.
  10. Taylor, D. G. Games, Gambling, and Probability: An Introduction to Mathematics, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2021.
  11. Hunacek, M. Quantitative Literacy Through Games and Gambling. Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2025.
  12. Marcus, R. American Roulette: How I Turned the Odds Upside Down. St. Martin’s Press, 2003.
  13. Goldman, N. Great Gambling Scams. John Blake, 2007.
Mabapi le ronaMehlodiNalane le SetsoRoulette DingolwengNalane le SetsoNalane ya Disistimi tsa RouletteNalane le SetsoThe Eudaemons
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